African Americans After The Civil War Of 1865 - 1226 Words

The American Civil War was ending and African Americans gained freedom, freedom from slavery and to live life as common folk. However, being set ‘free’ was not enough for African Americans to really experience what freedom was really like. Respect and rights of citizenship are by themselves weak in the ability to survive without also obtaining economic power. This paper will examine the progression of African Americans after the Civil War of 1865. The immigrant history of African –Americans is unlike the acclimation of any other migration of other ethnic groups with the ambition to live better lives. As one of the most important colonizers of the Americas, the British had the difficult task of seizing and securing land from Native Indians and creating frontier settlements. The fight to establish Caucasian presence was not absent from the blood, sweat and tears of many to survive long winters with the continuation of establishment of new colonies. With a massive transport of millions of enslaved African Americans across the Atlantic Ocean, Caucasians and African Americans were both performing tasks such as clearing of new land and tending to new crops so that colonization could continue to spread; and that it did indeed. In fact, colonization began to spread at such a rate that landowners began to become more dependant on the labor of African-Americans because it was more economically sound. Dependant on skill sets acquired before slavery, Slaves began to have variances inShow MoreRelatedThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiers. In the meantime, African sla ves had been set free or run to serve in the military among whites. Later in 19th century, the 14th and 15th amendment were ratifiedRead MoreAfrican American Soldiers During The Civil War902 Words   |  4 PagesMcCurry English 10 10 April 2015 African American Soldiers African-Americans served in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate sides. In the Union Army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units. More served with both the Union and Confederate units. This includes both northern free African Americans and runaway slaves from the South who enlisted to fight. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist, but very few actually did. During the Civil War, blacks were treated like trashRead MoreChallenges Of Radical Reconstruction748 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing the end of the Civil War in 1865, the United States faced many political challenges. One of these challenges would include the reintegration of the Confederate states that had seceded from the Union. There were many questions and issues with exactly how these states should be reintegrated back into the United States. Another challenge that quickly came to the forefront, after the Civil War, was how to handle the millions of freed African American slaves. This challenge would entailRead MoreThe Challenges African Americans Faced in America963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Challenges African Americans Faced In America Raymon Rice ETH125 March 11, 2012 The Challenges African Americans Faced In America African Americans had a turbulent history in the United States ever since they were brought to the country as slaves. â€Å"Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. (Slavery in America, 2012) During the 17th andRead MoreSlavery and the Civil War1281 Words   |  5 PagesEscaped slaves from the South helped the north to win the Civil War by increasing the number of soldiers fighting in the war for the north and by spying on the south for the north. With the help of escaped slaves fighting the South, the north outnumbered the south in battles, which eventually led to the North’s victory in the Civil War. Escaped slaves form the south also helped the north by spying on the south and reporting to Union officials who reported the information to the Union army. TheRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds12 31 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreHow Far Did Us Presidents Hinder Rather Than Help the Development of African American Civil Rights in the Period from 1865-1941?1644 Words   |  7 PagesHow far did US presidents hinder rather than help the development of African American civil rights in the period from 1865-1941? During the period 1865 to 1941, there were as many as 18 presidents in office and in one way or another, they would’ve had to deal with the ongoing issue of black civil rights, whether that be improving them or reversing them. 1865 was the year of the end of the civil war, which has been a war over the question of whether slavery should be allowed. The South was defendingRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States has been involved in many wars throughout history. Americans have fought and died in many wars such as the war for independence in World War I to Desert Storm. One of the bloodiest wars in our nation’s history is without a doubt is the Civil War. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War, the country was divided by the issue of slavery. When President Lincoln was elected to office, several states seceded from the Union. During this war, â€Å"Over six hundred thousand men died, and hundredsRead MoreAwake of the Civil War781 Words   |  4 PagesIn the wake of the Civil War, Congress acceded to pressure to have the federal government intercede to secure African Americans rights.   What were some of the long-range effects of that government posture? The Union Victory in the Civil War in 1865 granted freedom to approximately 4 million slaves, however, the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period 1865-1877 brought a lot of challenges. In 1865 and 1866 under the supervision of President Andrew Johnson, new Southern

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 2529 Words

Introduction Jane Austen’s novels are known for not only being enthralling but also as characteristic of British society in the nineteenth century. Her novels present a compelling view on the historical, psychological, and sociological issues woven into the plots that are ironic and, farce, and versatile characters. One of Jane Austen’s most appreciated novels Pride and Prejudice illustrates the topic that I will explore in my extended essay, which is the male domain versus the female one. In order to address my question- How does social status and gender bias influence life decisions and perceptions of the world in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice?- I will investigate and reveal the specific views of both gender’s worlds as offered by Austen in comparison to the established ones from Nineteenth Century England. The social status and genders of the characters influence their lives in all aspects, from determining their perceptions of the world to limiting their potentials in life decisions. My research does not just outline the role of social rank and gender in Nineteenth Century England; it also includes widely accepted knowledge about intellectual differences between the genders and their interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, my essay will include unique insight into the life of the nineteenth century English characters portrayed in the novel. My essay is organized by increasing social status, wealth, and gender. The shifts in the main characters’ lives, such as ElizabethShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however throug h Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a romantic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their id eal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important criteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening arou nd her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management? Answer: Introduction: It becomes very easy to convince and get involved with the communities in different ways through the use of festivals. It is also one of the easiest methods to increase marketing. There are different modes, through which the people can earn during festival like event management, selling of the products, transport system etc. This project is about Liverpool music festival that is going to be organized in England. In this project the researcher is going to write about different planning, processes and methods that can be used in making the project successful. Different marketing strategies can be planned before the festival to increase the marketing. In this project the researcher has discussed about project plan, Gantt chart, stages of LMF, budget of LMF, stakeholder analysis, risk analysis, advantages and disadvantages of the LMF project, Profits involved in organizing the event. Project plan: It is necessary to plan the commencement in LMF before the starting of the event. Everything should be planned earlier. The project managers have to decide earlier about the size, type and duration of the program for LMF. The main thing that should be focused is feasibility study .After the feasibility study LMF team can decide about the date, venue and the money required for organizing their event (Beringer 2013). The main points that should be focused are planning, marketing, location of the venues, money required for the project. In this project the project manager is going to plan for music festival in Liverpool. A project includes a group of people that work together to achieve a certain objective. The factors of the project management are time, cost, scope and performance. The success in the project can only be achieved by proper planning, otherwise it will fail. While planning for the project the project manager can easily check about each stage of the project and can identify the issues of every part (Kock 2013). It will help to them to plan according to the project as it is clearly known that for making a good project it is necessary to do it with a proper planning. In any small project the project manager can use a single plan to make the whole project but in large project there is high chances of issue so it is necessary to plan them by diving them into stages .It will also make their work easier and successful. There are different techniques for planning the project like Gantt charts, Structure of each part of the work, Cost involved in each part of the work. Gantt charts The starting phase of the project will help the project manager to do the feasibility study through which the project manager will decide what materials are required in the construction of the project. So that they can include several methods in their project to make it successful, in both the stages either starting and delivery stages. There are many methods that can be used to make the project successful. Like case of the project, Gantt chart, plan of the project, investment etc. In this project the manager is going to use Gantt chart technique to explain their project (Verzuh 2015). The main purpose of using Gantt chart is to create a bar graph to show the process in which the project is arranged according to the stages. It will help in explaining the process that will be used in the project. It will help the project manager to control the whole project. Each block of the Gantt chart will explain about the process of each stage and their time in which they are going to be implemen ted (Walker 2015). It will be considered as a best tool because it will help in keeping the record of every process, controlling the whole business process, to check each and every task of a project. This Gantt chart method can be used in many large projects as it will help in identifying many important elements that will show the time of process of each task and will also help in checking each task individually by sequencing the task according to the events. It will help in finishing the project perfectly and on time. In Appendix 5, it is clearly shown that Gantt chart is indicating some path in red colour .It shows that the project is not completed or the project is failed which means that it is necessary to complete that work. There are six stages in which the LMF project plans are divided. The six stages are planning, designing, financial budgeting, marketing, testing and delivery of the products. In every stage of the Gant chart there are different tasks that need to be completed according to the given time. In the table the first two stages and the last stage is considered as the set of 4-D. The other stages are explained in the table. LMF and their reasons Stages Reasons Planning It is the first stage that should be considered is planning .It is the main process through which the whole project can be controlled. The project can be delivered on time and according to the decided cost and proper quality with the help of proper planning. It is process to control Manage, and add new ideas in the project. It will become easy to work with the project after proper planning (Gemnden 2014) Through proper planning it will become easy to check the issues that may arise in the project and it can be solve within the time. There are seven task that is included in the planning process 1. Make a budget of the project, set the time within which the project needs to be completed. 2. Create planning for the applications that needs to be added in the project. 3. Select the team members to make the project team. 4. Make the contract with the sponsors to get financial support Designing, financial budgeting and location for the project It is necessary to set the design before starting the project. After planning for the design the project manager can decide how much cost is required to make a project. The budget is also dependent on the location because different locations have different cost (Teller 2014). The cost of the location is dependent upon the facilities that are available there like the design of the location, light, sound, garden etc. Here in this project the project manager has selected Sefton park in Liverpool city as the location for their project. Sefton park has various features like it organize concerts, symphonies, festivals, fairs and many events. It also gives permission to organize several annual events, special events. Marketing and delivery Marketing strategy is one of the methods to increase the demand and profit. To increase the marketing, people should be informed about the festival and the events. In this way marketing can be increased. It is necessary to fix the location first so that problems will not arise later. Stages of LMF Table 3- Stages that take a place for the LMF within Gantt Charts Before starting any project it is necessary to take the legal permission from the government. Permission before planning of the project will make the project strong and the project manager can proceed with the project without any disturbance and problems. To organize Liverpool international music festival in Sefton Park it is necessary to follow different rules. It is necessary to take the permission for closing the roads for inauguration function. Liverpool International Music Festival in Sefton Park should observe rules and road closures through to running orders for the inaugural event. The are several companies that provides security in the events .Here for LMF event the project manager can choose Safety advisory group that will help them in planning safety measures (Schwalbe 2015). They will provide different safety measures and advice that can be used while planning for LMF event. It takes all about seven weeks to decide for the event .Therefore it is suggested to start this safety planning earlier in order to save the time. It will take all about 100 days according to the Gantt chart to plan for any event so it is suggested to plan for the safety measures first in order to save the time. It will take all about two weeks to search for the location for organizing LMF event. Most of the time gets spend in finding the location for the event because location is the main factor which will make the event successful. It is necessary to check the stage, parking areas, transportation facility available in that area, location of the area, their surrounding etc. These factors are important because it will attract the customers and guests. It is necessary to check the parking areas, traffic conditions so that proper planning can be made to control the crowd. Events entry gate and exit gate can be prepared in this way that will not affect the traffic of the road beside the event venue (Rangarajan 2013) It is necessary to make many gates for entry and exit. It should be planned properly so that the guests and people will not face any problem while entering and exit from the venue location. Even if the number of the people will increase there, they will not face any kind of problem. There should be some emergency gate for the handicapped people. It will help in reducing the risk. Therefore it is necessary to make the Gantt chart 100 days earlier in order to reduce the risk. It is also necessary to plan for the health and safety according to the Health and safety at work ACT (1974). It will help to tackle any kind of dangerous situation. During the construction of the stage if any worker will get harm they can be immediately taken to the hospital by health and safety team. Therefore every planning for safety should be done in the beginning and should be maintained since from the beginning of the stage construction to the completion of the spot preparation. The delivery stage will take long time for completion according to the Gantt chart. The Gantt chart will show all the stages of every task since from the starting to till end. They will also show the time in which each task will be completed. In the marketing stage, if the organizers want to increase their marketing of LMF they have to follow the market strategy accordingly. They can publicize about their events in television, radio, newspaper etc to increase more and more customers. LMF Budget: The examples of some cultural festival budget are as follows: In 2012-2013 classic music festival budget Expenses= =140,300 income=150,000. Stamp music festival budget- 900,000. The Project manager examined that the budget of LMF will be around 500,000 (Phillips 2013) Stakeholder In this part the project manager will decide about the Stakeholder of LMF event, they will do the complete analysis of the stakeholder. After that they will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of the stake holder. According to the analysis the meaning of the stakeholder is any person, group or any organization that will be affected positively or negatively by any issue or goal. The analysis of the stakeholder will define all the features of the stakeholder, with the help of stakeholder analysis the project manager can easily check their requirements and they can create the project accordingly (Olson 2014).The stakeholder can change their decision according to their choice at any time. Stakeholder analysis will help the project manager to manage the situation at any time. Stakeholder analysis will increase the satisfaction of the people because it will help to satisfy the stakeholder to according to their whole process of planning, and it will decrease the risk of the failure of the event. There are many advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder analysis as shown in the table below Advantages Disadvantages 1/ It will save the resources that are required to take the decision of the LMF. 2/It will provide different information and ideas through which the project manager can take different decisions. 3/ It will help in obtaining different resources and funds 1/ To involve any stakeholder in any project is very difficult as it requires more time. 2/ Stakeholder focus on the benefits that they are going to earn from the event they dont focus on the benefits of the festivals In LMF there are two types of stakeholder one is primary and another one is secondary. Sponsors, employees, participants are the parts of primary stakeholder (Hill 2013). Tourists, government, advertising community are the parts of the secondary stakeholder. There are different types of stakeholder in LMF and they have different features and demands. The main stakeholder of LMF is Liverpool city council. They help in providing many benefits to the LMF event. Both the LMF and Liverpool city council can get benefit from each other. Profits of Liverpool city council and LMF Liverpool City Council can provide for LMF Benefits of LMF for Liverpool city and Liverpool City Council 1/ It will provide security to the LMF event. 2/ It will provide better design , proper security, safe delivery to the event of LMF 3/ It will help in organising the events outside. 4/It will provide many business opportunity and services 5/It will help in providing many new jobs. 6/ It will help in growing the business and providing many benefits from the private companies 7/ It will help in advertisement. 1/ It will increase the value of the Liverpool 2/It will in increasing the marketing by attracting more and more peoples. 3/ It will help in increasing the business by increasing the market partners. 4/ It will attract more and more foreign companies. Stakeholder analysis Stake holder analysis is a defined as a method that provides different facilities and process to the organization to organize many events. It also helps in proving money for organizing the event. It also helps in recognizing the choice of the organization and other people. It helps in managing LMF Category and implications Stakeholders Why such stakeholders have been categorised as A, B, C or D A: High importance, low importance Press/media They are not the main stakeholder but they affect the organizations in many ways. Many times it causes delay in the event so it is the necessary to check them throughout the project. B: High influence, high importance. Process to make relationship with the stakeholder Liverpool City Council Project Sponsor These stakeholders are the main stakeholder. The whole project is mainly dependent upon these stakeholders (Sampson 2014). It is necessary to deal with them properly to get success in the project. Every decision related to the project depends upon the decision of these stakeholders. C: Less important Small suppliers These stakeholders are not very important as it doesnt affect much on the project (Heagney 2012). If one supplier will increase the price of their product or services, the company can find another supplier for the project. D: High importance, low influence. Members of health and safety department These stakeholders are not very important. They dont have that much power to change the decision of the project. These stakeholders provide support to the workers by providing those services and support to the workers. They will only help but they are not involved in any decision of the project. Categories of LMF stakeholder are shown in the table below Table 1- project stakeholders Categories There are many advantages of using these processes for stakeholder but it has many limitations also. After observing the advantages and disadvantages of the categories of the stakeholder the project manager can decide about their selection categories. Advantage Disadvantage It will provide the knowledge and process of choosing the good stakeholder It will provide the method to deal with the major stakeholders It will reduce the problems and issues. It will provide the details of different types of stakeholders. It also provides details about the problems that may arise due to them and their solutions. It will help in planning about the process and benefits that can be obtained from each and every stakeholder. Stakeholders are not the head organizers so their decision sometimes may cause problems Project manager should be aware not to give high importance to the decision of the stakeholder It doesnt mean to ignore the decision of the stakeholder It provides the process to handle In fact, it just gives one an image how to cope with different stakeholders. If only done with the matrix, important information which can be valuable later on can be forgotten. Examples of LMF stakeholders with explanations LMF Stakeholders Explanation Liverpool sponsor Through this programme LMF can organize many new musical events through which they can give chance to the artists to perform in the function. Competitors There will be many tuff competitors for LMF. Many music competitions are Organised around the Liverpool that can attract the audience towards them So it will become tuff competitions to gain more and more audience towards LMF (Meng 2012). Health and safety officer Health and safety measures are important part of the event. All the safety measures should be followed properly. It is necessary for the project manager to check and set the plans for health and safety measures in every week to avoid the risk and danger from the project. Press/ media Press and media also play a vital role in project management it will help in making a good relationship between the stakeholder and project management. Communication through telephone, email etc are the parts of press and media. Through press and media the project manger can publicize about their events in television and radio (Gido 2014). In this way they can attract more and more customers and can profits. This process can also decrease the marketing, if any default will occur in the program, it will easily circulate among people through media. The main method for getting success in the project is to make better communication with all the stakeholders. The support of the entire stakeholder is the only method to make the project successful. Proper planning should be made with the stakeholders to make the project successful. Risk Analysis Risk analysis is the most critical factor in any project. Risk can arise at any time without any information. So it is very necessary to handle the risk whether it is related to time, cost and quality otherwise it may become the cause of failure of the project. The main responsibility of the project risk management is to check the risk or the chances of the risk and to think how the risk can be reduced or how it can be completely removed. Generally risk occurs in the term of cost and money. Therefore it is necessary to check the risk in the project so that it can be minimized before sending it to the customers (Schumann 2014). The chances of the risk in each project should be identified and it is necessary to check the reason behind the risk so that it can be controlled earlier. To know about the risk and to control it, it is necessary to plan about the risk before the beginning of the project. A risk analysis is a systematic method to control the hazard and the analysis can be done by checking the features of the venue, audience, technical machines etc. This risk analysis will include the methods of identification of risk and the processes that can be used to control these. It will reduce the risk and make it successful. LMF risk rating Figure 2: Risk rating (Source: Kerzner 2013) The above risk analysis table is showing the rate of the risk involved in the project on different stages. The risk occurrence rate is low here but it is necessary to correct it otherwise it can highly effect on the project. The project manager has to be prepared for every kind of risk. Another kind of risk is commercial risk that is very common, it happens during ticket sale. The second risk that can arise is overcrowding, it is very dangerous kind of risk. The layout of the venue and proper seating arrangement should be prepared to avoid the risk the risk of overcrowding. The project manager has chosen sefton park to handle the over crowd. Reasons for other categories of risk Risk Why it is possible to occur Risk score Recession (visitors and tourists) During the recession period many tourists gets decreased. It also affect on the marketing of the event. This kind of risk is high category risk. The risk that arises in the recession period can be controlled by making several methods for controlling the risk. Destruction Of LMF event due to riot or theft. Riots and theft may happen at any moment. It is also dangerous because it is the cause in which the whole project will be destroyed. It can cause many injuries, loss of life and many other issues. There is very low chance of arising of this risk. It may arise or may not. Therefore the score of this kind of risk is low Planning permission rejected. This risk has low possibility. The project of LMF is prepared with successful planning strategies so there is less possibility for its rejection. This planning is supported by the England government. LMF can be permitted because it has many advantages as it provides job opportunity to many people. This kind of risk has low rate. Due to the proper planning of the LMF project the chances of its rejection is very low. Flooding This is a kind of external risk. Flood may arise because the site of LMF is located beside the river. This kind of risk is not high. Different processes can be used to control the flood Table- Reasons for mentioning certain risks within the LMF risk analysis in Appendix 2. The risk rating diagram has showed different methods to manage the risk. There are five objectives that can be drawn from the above risks: ignore the risk, Accept the risk, Reduce the risk, Distribute the risk and transfer of the risk. Reference Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. 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Gido, J. and Clements, J., 2014.Successful project management. Nelson Education. Gutierrez, C. and Hussein, B., 2013. An extended literature review of organizational factors impacting project management complexity Norwegian Unversity of Science and Technology.Trondhiem, Norway. Heagney, J., 2012.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Heldman, K., 2013.PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley Sons. Hill, G.M., 2013.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Hwang, B.G. and Tan, J.S., 2012. Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development.Sustainable Development,20(5), pp.335-349. Jiang, J.J. and Klein, G., 2014. Special Section: IT Project Management.Journal of Management Information Systems,31(1), pp.13-16. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Olson, D., 2014.Information systems project management. Business Expert Press. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schumann, C.A., Gerischer, H., Tittmann, C., Orth, H., Xiao, F., Schwarz, B. and Schumann, M.A., 2014. Development of International Educational Systems by Competence Networking based on Project Management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, pp.192-201. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shields, P.M. and Rangarajan, N., 2013.A playbook for research methods: Integrating conceptual frameworks and project management. New Forums Press. Teller, J., Kock, A. and Gemnden, H.G., 2014. Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: a contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), pp.67-80. Turner, J.R. ed., 2014.Gower handbook of project management. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Young, T.L., 2013.Successful project management(Vol. 52). Kogan Page Publishers.

Employee Engagement and Grievance Handling free essay sample

Title of the Project Employee Engagement and Grievance Handling Process Statement about the Problem This topic has been chosen because in every organization, employee engagement activities are conducted as employee  productivity  is clearly connected with employee engagement. It is a  business management  concept. An engaged employee is one who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about his work, and thus will act in a way that furthers their  organizations interests. Thus, engagement is distinctively different from employee satisfaction, motivation and organizational culture.An integral part of employee engagement is a strong grievance handling mechanism. Objectives and Scope of Study a. Analyze the Employee Engagement activities that are being done at ‘Indigo’and the outcomes of these activities. b. Understand the process mapping for employee engagement. c. Techniques used for engaging employees in our organization d. Grievance handling process e. Introduction and types of grievances. f. Discuss the grievance handling process at organizational, process, project ; individual level g. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Engagement and Grievance Handling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Methods used in grievance handling h.Understand how Employee Engagement activities and Grievance Handling processes go hand in hand. Methodology Research methodology talks about data collection of the project work. The data collection as such is divided into: I. Primary Data a. Questionnaire survey b. Face-to-face discussion with existing employees who are there in the organization for more than six months or so. c. Discussion with Human Resource specialists. II. Secondary Data 1) Journals 2) Company records and reports 3) Internet Searches 4) External websites 5) On line survey conducted by company.

Permissive Style Induction to Pmr free essay sample

I would like you to sit down or lie down and make yourself as comfortable as you can you have a choice to loosen any tight clothes or take off your shoes†¦. If at any time you want to move to make yourself more comfortable you can do that you are in control. Now once you feel settled you may close your eyes and simply enjoy†¦. This is your time to relax and experience your own sensations, Feel calm in this moment. Nothing else matters. You are safe. Concentrate on your breathing Take a deep breath. Breathe in†¦ and exhale. As you concentrate on your breathing you may notice some sounds from outside,†¦ let them disperse, †¦nothing can disturb you. †¦If you feel any areas of your body are carrying the tension of the day, you may make the decision to let go of that tension†¦ You might to allow all the muscles in your body to become more relaxed†¦ Feel that with every breath in†¦ and out†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Permissive Style Induction to Pmr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page all the stress is going away †¦let it go †¦. You may notice that your breathing has become a little bit slower already, and that is good feeling. You may take another a deep breath and hold it . and when you let it out . slowly. just let your body relax.. just relax as far as you are comfortable As you relax further and find comfort, you may imagine the muscles in the top of your head,†¦ the muscles on your brow,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the muscles along your eyes and cheeks†¦, the muscles in your lips. now you may simply release the tension from theses areas.. Imagine this tension evaporating slowly as all your strains are released, leaving your face nice and relaxed†¦ Continuing now and relaxing the muscles in your body †¦along your shoulders,†¦ in your arms,†¦ and in your upper back†¦ you may Allow the tension to simply disappear†¦. In fact, it’s as if you can feel freedom from the tension from your back, your shoulders and your arms begin to move down forearm, through the hands and out the fingertips. Your fingers may twitch with pleasure;†¦ this is normal†¦. , just let them†¦ In your mind you can picture all of the stress of the day leaving your body†¦ as you relax†¦ Now you may imagine all the muscles in your chest relaxing. imagine all those muscles that connect to your spine and tummy imagine how much they can relax and let them relax and with each gentle breath you can relax those muscles more and more Thats right. You can allow yourself to let go now really let go and go deeper and deeper .. relax every muscle in your body and maybe you can feel a wave of exhilaration flowing down your body from your head down. all the way down to your toes.. And the more you relax the easier it becomes to relax even more As your body becomes relaxed; your mind becomes more relaxed, as well. †¦If you notice any further tensions maybe in the muscles along the hip or buttocks or in your upper leg. .. you may Let that tension simply flow from the top of your leg†¦. though your calves†¦. and through the muscles of the feet and ankles and out of your toes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. At this point, you may feel very relaxed†¦. You may experience the tranquillity and peace†¦.. If you need to swallow, that’s okay†¦.. If you adjust for comfort, that’s okay, as well†¦. From your head to your toes, you have allowed yourself to become completely and totally relaxed†¦. Your mind has now also become relaxed†¦. This relaxation feels so good†¦, you may want to enjoy this experience for a few moments. (Pause) As you allow your entire body to become limp and loose and feel relaxed,†¦ this time may become very meaningful to you You have acquired a new skill;†¦ the skill of taking physical control over your own body and emotions†¦. you may Enjoy this feeling again for a few moments. Pause) As you continue to enjoy this relaxation, †¦I going to ask you to allow yourself to drift to your special place,†¦ it can be any where, †¦it can be place where only you know,†¦ or it can be somewhere you never been before,, but you know this place from your thoughts or dreams, †¦the place where you will feel completely safe,†¦ just let your mind drift away. †¦. Maybe it is a desert and you walking on warm sand,†¦ imagine how this warmth is spreading all over your body leaving you in peace. †¦Perhaps you may hear some sounds, like the sound of the ocean†¦. This sound can make you even more and more deeply relaxed†¦; just enjoy this moment in this place†¦.. Maybe you can feel a gentle breeze. that just ruffles your hair and a warm sun caressing your face and your arms. and as you lie there just relax†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Its feels so good to just totally relax letting everything go. remember these feelings as you just relax and enjoy the peace and calm and just think how good it is to enjoy the relaxation nothing to do nothing to worry about Now for a moment I will leave you there, †¦just to give you this time to enjoy†¦. You may not hear my voice for little while..

The way slaves felt essays

The way slaves felt essays Slaves felt that their masters treated them unkindly, but there was not much to do to improve their situation as a slave. For instance, two slaves were digging a deep hole for their dead master. The slaves dug the deep hole so the master could be closer to his new home. This meaning the slaves felt that their master deserved to go hell for the things he had done. Many slaves had song relating to their master. The songs were to interpret that the white men thought slaves were stupid which song shows, but at the end of the poem, it has twist showing that the master being viewed as a jackass. In addition, there was no reward for standing up to their master even if the slave could beat the master up. Since, one slave told master that he could not be beat; resulting with the master agreeing with him, but the master said he could kill him and he did. Most blacks did not feel like kissing the masters butt since they did not want to be the masters toy. The Negro stated an analogy of the coon and the dog that the dog tells the coon, he gets more food because the master kicks him. The black is trying to say that I rather starve than be the pleasurable company of the master. This shows hoe much hatred they had towards their master. In addition, the evidence shows that he did not car about the slaves, since one time the master did not east a pig being that he thought it was poisoned. The master thinking that the food is spoiled, he still thought it was suitable for the slaves. Imagine the slaves having to kill a pig and saying it had a disease (not really) thus, the only reason they got the good meat was the master thought it was spoiled. For the most part slaves disliked their cruel punishment of their master. Negros came up with another song stating, How they skin the animal and be gives just the skin, bake the bread and be given the crumbs." The slaves are saying they felt unappreciated and not given sympathy, nor a reward for all t...

A Consideration of Necessity in the Work of David Hume Essay

A Consideration of Necessity in the Work of David Hume - Essay Example In his Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume delineates his theory of human morality. The form of argument Hume takes is the concept that human morality is not based on coherent thought and logical reason, but is instead the upshot of humanity's passionate fervor. Since this fervor cannot present itself as the creation of logical reason, it would be consequently be the ultimate in the lack of logical thinking to adjudicate any moral deed as being the result of either rational or irrational thought. Hume delivers a succession of explanations that serve to reveal why humanity should express scepticism toward any conclusion based upon reasoning that is arrived at through familiarities based on sensory perception.Hume concludes that even in the face of complexities that are presented by virtue of the illogic inherent in sensory perception, humans still maintain a forcible belief in illogical conclusions due to psychology.This presents the paradoxical notion that strong belief is often gro unded in contradictions.Hume's argument posits that it is even within the realm of possibility that the most grounded and confident reasonable conclusions are, in fact, merely probable and that the degrees of probability are subject to intense scrutiny with each additional analysis. Mistakes made on the basis of supposedly rational certainty are legion due to the inescapable imperfectability of human judgment. The ironic paradox of human judgment resides in the fact that each further analysis of the previous judgment decreases the probability of correctness in the original judgment. This has particularly chilling aspects when considered against the potential for reductions of probability in those elements that humans invest the utmost confidence in regarding the infallibility of correctness, such as laws of mathematics and science. Hume emphasises that there are three stipulations required to confirm merely through observation. The first he termed the aspect of constant conjunction, in which the cause and the effect are required to be both spatially and constantly extant. The second stipulates that the cause must have come before the effect itself. And finally, there must be a connection of necessity; that is it must be possible to ascertain why the cause produces the effect. Hume's appraisal of causation necessarily dictates that it can only be inferred and not examined and his conclusions indicate that it is impossible to achieve an impression of a necessary connection; rather, one must experience constant conjunction and temporal priority: "Experience only teaches us how one event constantly follows another, without instructing us in the secret connection which binds them together" (Hume, 1870, p. 347). Ultimately, Hume asserts that there are significant limitations to reason. Hume maintains that humans remain convinced that any object that is observed exists independently. Once this belief is subject to analysis, however, it is determined to be without basis and that paradox provides a basis for conflict in the process of reasonable determination. All perceptions are dependent upon human observation and even the slightest modification in the senses can distort that perception. Since this is one of the few absolute truths that exists, it is not logical to assume that perception can be something existing independently of us, nor can it possibly exist when there is nobody there to perceive it. Despite this Hume asserts that people will almost never surrender their natural belief in the existence of an external world that is separate from their perceptions. The

Routines and Capabilities of Walt Disney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Routines and Capabilities of Walt Disney - Essay Example The resources of Walt Disney are the firm’s most fundamental characteristics which are their tools and their personality. These are the individual assets of the firm such as items of capital equipment, employee skills, brand names, and the like. The resources are firm-specific assets that are useful for creating a competitive advantage which few competitors can acquire easily. A company that has resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate and organized to exploit resources, then the company can sustain its competitive advantage. Organisational resources can be classified into tangible and intangible resources. Tangible resources include cash, financial assets, land and capital equipment. Intangible resources include brand reputation, technology, employee skills and goodwill. Like most firms, Walt Disney recognises the intangible resources as the most valuable and most strategically important items. They invest in training and development of workers, research of new te chnologies, and marketing its brand.

Reflections and Reminiscences of an Early Years Educator Essay

Reflections and Reminiscences of an Early Years Educator - Essay Example ucation research paradigm challenged and supported me to investigate knowledge and realities about early years’ teaching in the UK in interviewing a retired teacher. Inevitably, this kind of research is iterative in nature with inextricable linkage between practice and research and evolving continuously. Therefore, through an exploration of the retired early years’ teacher practice, her social locations, subject positions, personal experiences, and interpretations will be examined via her voice (Cahnmann-Taylor & Siegesmund, 2013: p29). Using a range of appropriate literature, I will justify the need for a personal reflective narrative inquiry of a former teacher in the UK Pre-school education sector, which should elicit information about how she reminisces on her work as an early years’ teacher. It is expected that I will elicit information on the interactions that she had with pre-school children aged between three and four years as she nurtured and cared for them prior to retiring from her position some time back. I will specifically identify how I engaged in the narrative inquiry, identifying details on the participants, ethical considerations encountered during the study, my reflexivity process, the data collection process, and its analysis. Moreover, I will also present a discussion of the findings. Arts based education research is a method of research that aims to use arts-based concepts, practice, and techniques in understanding education. Normally, practitioners utilize various arts-based methodologies in conducting their research, as well as communicating their findings, through genres as diverse as visual arts, poetry, performance, music, dance, and narrative (Loh, 2013: p8). I used the latter genre in conducting my arts-based education research. Narrative arts-based education research, which I will refer to as NABER from this point, is based firmly on the premise that we understand and attach meaning to our experiences through stories. As a type

Conversation Analysis of Doctor and Patient

Conversation Analysis of Doctor and Patient Conversation Analysis Overview To conduct the conversation analysis, the research had to analyze the short recording to the discussion in detail and analyze it from different perspectives like therapeutic, legal, business, health, family, or social context. There are different things in the conversation of people which researcher has analyzed like pause between the conversation and sentences, short and long pause, increase and decrease in the pitch of people, interruptions in conversation and the precise words and phrases used by the people in the conversation. The basic purpose was to identify that how individuals fulfill their goals and how the sense of order is maintained (Maynard, 1997). The conversation which is being analyzed in this researcher paper is institutional talk between doctor and patient. Methodology Transcription A transcription of the conversation is written below. At first the researcher recorded a conversation either in audio or video. Secondly the researcher used the nomenclature, described by Jefferson, to recode the conversation(Woodruff, Szymanski, Grinter Aoki, 2009). The purpose of nomenclature was to explain the words that are expressed in the conversation and many other verbal features such as the intonation, timing, and other vocal characteristics. During the conversation analysis, the researcher had to listen to conversation repeatedly to identify certain vocal features. Sometimes the help of another researcher was taken to identify whether the transcription used is accurate or not. Dr: Comen sit down, (.) Missiz Sampson,= Pt: =Yes Dr: Ah (0.3) Dr:  ¨t ¨hhhh |^I |vdont think weve |^met before |^hv we (1.0) Pt: Well Ive had this: u-sore throat onn off, for weeks no:w.= Dr: =|^Oo dear. Pt: En Ive got a cough- writs- its- Ive been you know choking you known Im[coughin]g- Im getting no relief from= Dr: [Mm|^hm,] Pt: coughing its just taw- choking that (.) [( ) back]of= Dr: [ ¨h h h h h h ] Pt: =my[( ) Dr: [Do you bring any |vphlegm up when you |vcough (0.7) Pt: Well- (0.2) e-yesterday I managed to be sickn I di:d you know,? but normally: i[t- Dr: [But you: vomited then, Pt: Ye:s u[h huh Dr: [Mm. The conversation nomenclature has been explained in the table below. For example, the (.) explains the a complete but short pause in the conversation. The number written in the brackets would explain the duration of pause in the conversation. Wherever was possible the Para-verbal features to explain and interpret the speech. Moreover, the motive and emotions expressed in conversation are not included in this explanation of conservation. (.) Just noticeable pause (0.3) pause of 0.3 seconds, for example ?word Detectable, obvious rise in pitch ?word Detectable, obvious fall in pitch. words [words ] [words ] Square brackets across adjacent lines implies to individuals are speaking simultaneously .hh Inhalation hh Exhalation wo(h)rd Implies laughter while speaking the corresponding word hehehe Laughter that is separate from the speech wor- A sharp termination of the word while speaking wo:rd Implies the sound that precedes the colon has been elongated (words) Words in brackets are conjectures when the sound or pronunciation is unclear ( ) Unclear talk. Each set of brackets represents one syllable of unclear speech word= =word Implies no pause between two consecutive speakers word Louder than usual speech WORD Appreciably louder than usual speech ?word? Quieter than usual speech >word word Slower than usual speech ((description)) Double brackets represent descriptions of some verbal behavior that is difficult to write phonetically, such as ((sobbing)) or ((clears throat)) In the explanation of conversation and transcription formation sometimes the precise pronunciation is also presented for example in the transcription â€Å"dunno† is preferred over don’t know† if found applicable. To capture the speech styles, the researcher has diverged from the conventional spelling of the words. But when the divergence is in the excess then reader would have struggled to follow the exchange of communication. However, while transcribing the conversation styles and other things like physical movements, manners of the people, their gestures and the cheek scratching to hold the gaze are not included in it. These physical movements cannot be transcribed the vocal and para-vocal features. Moreover, the nuances of these physical movements cannot be presented well. Interpretation At the third stage researcher had interpreted the conversation by the transcription made and by replaying the recording. As the first step of interpretation the intuitive interpretation of the action of every person are explained. Secondly the each response has been considered in more detail to uncover the mechanism and devices which has been used in the conversation to maintain the understanding of conversation and fulfill the goals behind conversation. the first step of this conversation analysis is to analyze the aim of doctor. Clinic of the doctor is the institution which is involved in this conversation analysis. Thus, this particular conversation is example of institutional conversation as describe by Silverman (1997). The basic purpose of the person from the institution(doctor) is to analyze the situation in which patient finds himself at the same time avoiding saying any such word which could make his situation worse. Another immediate observation which comes from this conversation is that patient is the only and important person who holds the information and is very critical for doctor. This is proximal context of conversation. Researcher can establish this point that it creates a powerful relationship between doctor and patient because of limited to immediate context of interaction between them. This type of conversation is represented by the particular way of conversation management devices are used by both protagonists. By using different conversation methods like sequencing, adjacency pairs along with preferred and dis-preferred responses, patient has made easy for the doctor to analyze the seriousness of his situation. After doctor realizes the seriousness of situation then patients provides packages of information and limited amount of information to doctor when he moves towards the most delicate matter. Observing this conversation one can observe that from line 6 onwards conversation goes from normal sequential structure to more turbulent one once the topic of conversation turns into more delicate one. More precisely, on line one the doctor greets the patient and after her sitting he tries to identify what is the matter by asking her whether he knows the patient and patient has ever visited him before. After a short pause the patient gives him desired response by telling that she keeps visiting him because of her sore throat. This precision is particularly important to note and could also be dismissed as irrelevant in this analysis if the adjacency pair had not been appeared in the further lines in which the patient has said that he has cough and choking too. Indeed, the caller is using her right of turn taking to tell about her condition to doctor. So in this conversation turn taking and adjacency pairs has been observed. Once the doctor has listened about the situation of patient he has not given him immediate response but has tried to avoid it and let the patient kept talking so that she could completely tell him about her condition. Here he just said â€Å"Oo dear†. In this the expansion of the conversation is observed. â€Å"Oo† or â€Å"Oh† are another common example of adjacency pair. For example with the â€Å"Oh† sound or uttering â€Å"really† they intend to expand and elongate the response to a question. â€Å"Oh† is the expansion context is an indication of desire to get more information in the opinion of Heritage (1984). Sometimes â€Å"Oh† is interpreted differently in other contexts. The response starting with â€Å"Oh† to first pair part indicates the reception of information. As explained in this example â€Å"Are you going tonight† and â€Å"Oh, I’m not sure† as the result of previous remark the state of pers on has been changed. The answer with Oh implies. The doctor has tried to repair the conversation because he wants the patient to keep going with her condition that is why repairing of conversation is observed where doctor has just said â€Å"[Mm|^hm,]†. When patient gives short pause in the conversation the doctor asked about the cough and then a bit long pause is observed in the conversation. This is example of adjacency pair in which doctor is trying to reconfirm the previous statement of patient. After the short pause patient gives the answer to doctor and then doctor asked him whether she did vomit or not then there was prompt answer to the question yes here another type of adjacency pair was observed which is called preferred and un-prefrred actions. Sometimes it happens that first pair parts or questions are answered promptly but sometimes answers are delayed because they are not the preferred actions about which question are asked. The questions answered promptly are p referred one with the delayed answers are regarded as the un-preferred. For example, when any invitation is accepted then it is prompt repose and considered are preferred action and declining the invitation is delayed response and un-preferred action. The un-preferred actions have delayed response because it considered that their answer would create problems in social relationships. A long and short pause on line 4, 6,11, 14 and 16 , a repair line 11 an expansion of conversation on line 8 are enough to build an argument that this information has made doctor able to analyze that condition of patient is very serious and he can also analyze the situation in which patient finds herself but still getting the previous information of patient is very difficult because of being delicate object as described by Silverman (1997).In this framework the last comment could be made about the patient statement when she says that she is normally sick. This is attempt of building an acceptable account of delicate matter which represents the feature of adjacency repair. Results and Discussion The philosophy of ethnomethodology was adopted in conversation analysis, proposed by Harold Lerner, an American sociologist, in his book Studies in Ethnomethodology (Lerner, 2004). Social order is considered as illusory according to ethnomethodology. The social world is actually haphazard and random by appears to us in order and is predictable. Individuals in society consider social order as social construction in their minds. Individuals in the society try to uncover the patterns of advice which they receive even though they receive the suggestions randomly. The conversation analysis is not based not the specific utterance of word or sentence in the person, but it involves the whole discussion and conversation among the individuals. No individual can interpret in the same any conversation. In order to maintain the sense of order in conversation, the people assume that they can maintain the meaning of utterance of words of other persons (Sidnell, 2009). People in the conversation take the help of subtle and explicate mannerism, expressions and remarks to maintain the illusion that they can and have understood the meaning of the uttered words by the people in conversation. For this purpose, they can and might mimic the emotional expression of another person. Confusion expression is also evident when they see that there is the violation of their expression. To understand the methods and procedures implied by people to cultivate the sense of procedure ethnomethodological research is implied (PeraÃÅ'ˆkylaÃÅ'ˆ, 2008). Scholars can infringe upon social rules to conduct a breaching experiment to achieve their goal if they think that conversation is going the wrong way of the road. Research Questions Conversation analysis underpins several assumptions Conversation is ordered and systematic no randomness or unstructured conversation aspect was found There is no universal rule to underpin the structure of conversation, but it is the participants of conversation who cultivate the order, structure and context. Even the structure of conversation is cultivated by the participants still conversation patterns are repeated in many contexts and cultures. The basic role of the conversation analysis is to evaluate the skills, devices and methods used to generate order in conversation which guides the communication, goals and helps in understanding the other person. Tough sometimes while conversation people are not aware how to create the order but researcher can generate the order from the real conversations (Liddicoat, 2011). Complications and applications of conversation analysis Some scholars opine that sometimes during the conversation people do not consider the key issues like context and structure of conversation which impinge on discourse. The ideology of social order plays key role in the methods which individuals use to maintain the social order, fulfilling their goals. Conversation analysis must consider the pervasive but unobservable issues opined by the proponents of critical discourse analysis. During the analysis of conversation, the political orientation and theoretical assumptions should be avoided opined by Schegloff (2007). These could create the biases in description and interpretation of conversations. A remark can be interpreted as the mean of dominance but can actually facilitate the conversation. Conversation analysis, however, has bee. Applied to examine the methods and devices individuals apply to maintain and perpetuate inequalities in power. Hutchby (2008), for instance, utilized conversation analysis to show how radio hosts maintain power over their callers. Hutchby showed that radio hosts use various terms or phrases, like So or And, to challenge the pertinence of an argument. Similarly, radio hosts often ascribe and challenge a position to the caller, summarizing a version of their argument they can readily dismiss. In addition, Hutchby demonstrates that radio hosts do not need to offer their own position, which simplifies their role. In this work, conversation analysis provides a unique insight into the attempts of individuals to maintain power, offering an empirical insight into the theoretical mechanisms that proponents of discourse analysis posit. References Forrester, M. (2010).Doing qualitative research in psychology. Los Angeles [i.e. Thousand Oaks, Calif.]: SAGE Publications. Gardner, R. (2012). Conversation Analysis and orientation to learning.Journal Of Applied Linguistics,5(3). doi:10.1558/japl.v5i3.229 Goodwin, C. (1990). Conversation Analysis.Annual Review Of Anthropology,19(1), 283-307. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.19.1.283 Grant, L. (2009). Book review: PAUL TEN HAVE, Doing Conversation Analysis: A Practical Guide. London: SAGE, 2007, 246 pp.Discourse Studies,11(3), 377-379. doi:10.1177/14614456090110030603 Have, P. (2007).Doing Conversation Analysis. London: Sage Publications. Hutchby, I., Wooffitt, R. (2008).Conversation analysis. Cambridge: Polity. Lerner, G. (2004).Conversation analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. Liddicoat, A. (2011).An introduction to conversation analysis. London: Continuum. Maynard, D. (1997). The News Delivery Sequence: Bad News and Good News in Conversational Interaction.Research On Language Social Interaction,30(2), 93-130. doi:10.1207/s15327973rlsi3002_1 PeraÃÅ'ˆkylaÃÅ'ˆ, A. (2008).Conversation analysis and psychotherapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schegloff, E. (2007).Sequence organization in interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sidnell, J. (2009).Conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sidnell, J., Stivers, T. (2013).The handbook of conversation analysis. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Wetherell, M. (1998). Positioning and Interpretative Repertoires: Conversation Analysis and Post-Structuralism in Dialogue.Discourse Society,9(3), 387-412. doi:10.1177/0957926598009003005 Woodruff, A., Szymanski, M., Grinter, R., Aoki, P. (2009). Practical Strategies for Integrating a Conversation Analyst in an Iterative Design Process.Palo Alto Research Center,3(1), 3-9. Retrieved from http://www2.parc.com/csl/projects/guidebooks/publications/dis02.pdf

We Must Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms Essay -- argumentative, pe

Within the United States Constitution, amendments one through ten referred to as the â€Å"Bill of Rights† contains amendment two which reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (States, 1789). Despite this amendment, gun control still remains one of the most highly-debated issues in the United States. While the Constitution clearly states our right â€Å"to keep and bear Arms†, the gun control lobbyists continue to challenge this right by using the media to convey misleading stories on how guns by themselves are the problem. By contrast, the real issues are not the guns but the people who use them. Therefore guns should not be used as a political patsy to avoid dealing directly with the real issues that prompt gun-related violence. After the incidents at Columbine and Virginia Tech., a typical emotional reaction would be to blindly demand a b an on all firearms or wish they never existed in the first place. Some may feel motivated to push for legislation that makes us feel like we are "doing something," but this may not accomplish anything, or worse, it could do more harm (Schools and Gun Violence, 2008). Therefore the problems with American society are not related to the possession of firearms, but rather an unraveling of ethics and morals. To preserve our civil liberty such as the right to keep and bear arms, our current laws must be enforced consistently. Adding additional restrictions on our civil liberties will only ensure that one day our rights will slowly erode away, until gone completely. Just as any restriction put on the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances can be viewed as a violation... ...amounts to nothing less than tyranny: an insult to the intelligence of the people. Gun control underestimates the ability of citizens to educate themselves in proper weapons storage and usage. Gun control places too much power in the hands of the government, which can so easily turn on the people. The American Constitution should rarely be tampered with; its Bill of Rights was written with wisdom and foresight. The right to keep and bear arms is immutable. Works Cited Association, N. R. (2010). Issues. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from NRA: http://home.nra.org/#/ila Schools and Gun Violence. (2008, June 29). Retrieved June 11, 2011, from GunSite: http://guncite.com/gun_control_gcgvscho.html States, C. o. (1789, March 4). Bill of rights. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from http://www.archives.gov: http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html

Discuss the interplay between conflict

International trade is one of the most critical and complex process as it involves not only more than two parties to the contract but also different institutions including governments. It is because of this reason that it is often argued that the laws regulating the international trade should be such that they can easily facilitate the trade between different countries while keeping intact the different indigenous laws of the respective countries.In its essence, international trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital between the countries across the international borders. Due to its unique characteristic of involving cross border trade, it is also subject to different laws, regulations and rules. Uniform Commercial Law is the law which has been promulgated in order to harmonize the laws of sales between different countries. Such kind of uniform commercial laws include the UCP rules which govern the international trade and also the exchange of the financial services between the financial institutions.Since, one of the most important characteristics of the international trade is that it involves the interaction of financial institutions also besides between the seller and the buyer therefore the uniform commercial laws such as UCP govern the international trade. However, on the other hand, there are other international laws which area also governed the international trade by different countries according to their own requirements.The protectionist policies and laws and regulations adopted by the different governments of the organization create a deliberate conflict between the uniformed commercial law and the other international laws and regulations thus creating a conflicting situation for the different players working in the international environment. This essay will undertake to analyze and understand the interplay between conflict of laws/international law rules and uniform commercial law in the field of regulation of international trade.Internatio nal Law The international liberalization of the trade as well as growing globalization has given rise to the need of having laws flexible enough to accommodate the needs of the different players in international trade. (Chirwa,2005). Many researchers also attempted to remove these regulatory anomalies by offering a new approach to resolve the conflict of laws in international trade.One such approach outlines the concept of constitutional uncertainty in international trade and present different models of international transactions in the wakes of different legal frameworks present. (Schmidtchen, Kirstein, Neunzig, 2004). These approaches are mostly suggesting the economic solution to the problem of the conflict between the international law and the uniform laws and suggest a transactional mode of international trade and attempt to bring down the law to accommodate such models into them so that this conflict can be overtaken.The increased globalization as well as the role of large mul tinationals in circumventing the rules and regulations in their favor, in countries where they have larger chances of profitability, indicates the eroding powers of state to ensure the compliance with the international laws besides ensuring that the local laws support the international regulations so that the international trade can swiftly take place. When we discuss about the international law and the conflicts between the different regulations, it always come down to analyze and trace the patterns of those conflicts in different kinds of transactions taking place internationally.One such example is that of the credit sales where UCP rules may suggest different approaches to governing the financial aspects of the transaction however, the existing rules and regulations such as restrictions on the foreign exchange repatriation, forward booking of foreign currencies due to pressures on the domestic currency may effectively create a situation where the uniformed commercial laws and th e private laws can come into direct conflict. (Albert, Wade & Instituut,1983).Another great example can be that of the WTO and the other related laws. WTO specifically advocates the removal of the different trade restrictions such as quotas on the international trade taking place between member countries however there are other deliberate attempts by different countries to discriminate against other member countries by promulgating rules and regulations which restricts even the capability of WTO to remove the conflict of laws and regulations between the countries.It is also often argued that the international trade has more become now a political issue and despite the trade liberalization, politicizing of the international trade have created a deliberate attempt to raise a conflict between different international/private laws and the uniform commercial laws. (Joerges, 2007). Such politicization of the process has not only created a deliberate drift between the laws but it also creat ed a permanent source of conflict between the international institutions also.Conclusion It is also important to mention that the interplay of the different uniform as well as the international/ public laws, from a transactional perspective, can be removed because the laws and regulations will directed at creating a synergy between the different laws to assist the smooth operation of international trade. A deviation from the transactional mode of international trade therefore may create a direct conflict between the international and uniform commercial laws.

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds - Understand the Difference

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds - Understand the Difference A molecule or compound is made when two or more atoms form a  chemical bond, linking them together. The two types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. The distinction between them has to do with how equally the atoms participating in the bond share their electrons. Ionic Bonds In an ionic bond, one atom essentially donates an electron to stabilize the other atom. In other words, the electron spends most of its time close to the bonded atom.  Atoms that participate in an ionic bond have different electronegativity values from each other. A polar bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions.  For example, sodium and chloride form an ionic bond, to make NaCl, or table salt. You can predict an ionic bond will form when two atoms have different electronegativity values and detect an ionic compound by its properties, including a tendency to dissociate into ions in water. Covalent Bonds In a covalent bond, the atoms are bound by shared electrons. In a true covalent bond, the electronegativity values are the same (e.g., H2, O3), although in practice the electronegativity values just need to be close. If the electron is shared equally between the atoms forming a covalent bond, then the bond is said to be nonpolar. Usually, an electron is more attracted to one atom than to another, forming a polar covalent bond. For example, the atoms in water, H2O, are held together by polar covalent bonds. You can predict a covalent bond will form between two nonmetallic atoms. Also, covalent compounds may dissolve in water, but dont dissociate into ions. Ionic vs Covalent Bonds Summary Heres a quick summary of the differences between ionic and covalent bonds, their properties, and how to recognize them: Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Description Bond between metal and nonmetal. The nonmetal attracts the electron, so it's like the metal donates its electron to it. Bond between two nonmetals with similar electronegativities. Atoms share electrons in their outer orbitals. Polarity High Low Shape No definite shape Definite shape Melting Point High Low Boiling Point High Low State at Room Temperature Solid Liquid or Gas Examples Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4 ) Methane (CH4), Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chemical Species Metal and nometal (remember hydrogen can act either way) Two nonmetals Do you understand? Test your comprehension with this quiz. Key Points The two main types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds.An ionic bond essentially donates an electron to the other atom participating in the bond, while electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally between the atoms.The only pure covalent bonds occur between identical atoms. Usually, there is some polarity (polar covalent bond) in which the electrons are shared, but spend more time with one atom than the other.Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.

Difficult Communication Essay

Difficult Communication Essay Difficult Communication Essay Difficult Communication Improved communication technique is of vital importance in many aspects of personal life, business, and even the future of the whole world. Based on personal experience and knowledge of social sciences (esp. psychology), the authors introduce a series of methods and techniques to help readers understand the mechanisms of communication and learn how to improve its efficiency. The book starts by sorting out three conversations: The â€Å"What Happened†, Feelings, and Identity ones. In the following chapters, the authors explain in more details, triggering the final chapter for how to create a â€Å"Learning Conversation†. The whole book is written in an easy but analytic style, and the readers at different educational levels can understand the unfolded theories that the reader borrowed from other disciplines including social psychology, game theory, learning theory and so on. The aims of this book are mostly achieved in this strategy and ideas of the authors are cleverly delivered. The authors’ sorting out the three conversations is deliberate. The chapter for â€Å"What Happened† conversations is focused on objective factors, and the one for â€Å"Feelings† is rather focused on subjective issues, and the â€Å"Identity† one is from another interesting point view: how to identify self social position. Although such sorting activity is somehow effective for readers to understand the mechanism of communication, it can be confusing due to the entangled nature of these three â€Å"types† of conversations. And unfortunately, the authors didn’t point out that fact in this book, even though they by themselves well understand that cataloging in this way is not scientific approach but a technical trick. However, I actually stand up for the authors’ using that technique, for it will be very difficult to make the readers understand the natures of conversations using other methods, due to the complications involved. The highlighted part of this book is to raise a novel theory of how to create the so-called â€Å"Learning Conversation†. Obviously, the authors are familiar with learning theories regarding

Managing Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Decisions - Essay Example e decisions which are taken on the basis of relevant assumptions which are made after considering for all types of situations and consequences which the organisation can face in future. As per this model there are seven basic steps which are taken while managing decisions. First of all, the main problem should be defined and analysed in order to assess the future situation which the company may face due to the problem. The second step is to identify and analyse all the alternative solutions of the problem. The third step is to analyse all the merits and demerits of the identified alternatives. Once all the alternatives have been assessed the fourth step is to rank all alternative solutions as per their strengths. Ranking helps to identify the optimal alternative solution which can maximise the satisfaction level, thus identification of the optimal solution id the fifth step of this model. Sixth step is to implement the chosen alternative. Once the alternative is implemented follow up s are done to assure that every thing is going as decided, this is the seventh step in normative model (Swansburg and Swansburg, 2002, p.256). Decision tree: The uncertainty aspects of the future events make the decision making more crucial and vital for every organisation. One of the most popular and common quantitative technique which is used to manage decisions regarding uncertain activities is decision tree. Thus decision tree can be defined as the graphical representation of various sequential decisions and the various expected values of those decisions. The decision tree helps to assess each decision as per their sequence in analysing the expected value of the given alternatives. The expected values are the probable value of the outcomes of various activities. These are considered... Center of discussion in this paper is decision making as an important aspect of every business enterprise. The success of the organisation largely depends upon the managerial decisions. Therefore it is very important to efficiently manage the decision making. The whole organisation starting from the recruitment of the human resource, planning for the production and manufacturing of products, planning for the projected business, demand forecasting, planning of the activities to be done in the organisation, budgeting, forecasting of the revenue, target customers, etc are very important for success of the organisation. Therefore, the managerial decisions are very important and have a great impact on the overall performance of the company. If any decisions regarding planning of the organisational activities or the short term targets set for the company are not done efficiently then the company can be severely affected in long run. There are many techniques which help the managers in thei r decision making. Some of the methods are quantitative and some are qualitative. Every method has its pros and cons but at the same time relevant in their own field. Thus the best technique is to combine the various techniques of decision making in other words the management should not depend on one technique of decision making but it should practice a variety of decision making tools which would increase the efficiency of decision making process and will also make the decision process faster and effective.

Krafts Marketing and Sales Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Krafts Marketing and Sales Strategy - Assignment Example Kraft’s respond to the macro-environment of China is through research of the different demography of Chinese consumers, their capacity to purchase, and their eating patterns.   This led Kraft to reinvent the traditional Oreo cookies to Chinese style cookies; from cookie form to wafer and lesser sweet, the packaging and the content of the package (wherein the original content is 14 Oreos which costs 72 cents reduced to fewer pieces of Oreos and costs only 29 cents), and the Chinese style Oreo can withstand the extreme climate of both Northern and Southern region of China.   In the micro-environment, Kraft responded in dealing with the management team, wherein all the members of the management team were replace by entrepreneurial team of local Chinese managers thus, creating positive output of introducing Oreo to Chinese consumers.   Kraft also outsourced marketing teams, in the form of students to become ambassadors of Oreo wherein, the job of these local students is to c ampaign the Oreo to 300,000 consumers cents reduced to fewer.   These ambassadors also campaigned the Oreo through basketball wherein, introducing the Oreo being dunked in the milk.This type of strategy also helped Kraft to be responsive to global environment’s opportunities.   They also studied the eating habits and preferences of different countries and were able to produce Kraft products according to the preferences of the consumers in different countries.  ... Kraft considered other alternatives to make Chinese consumers patronize Oreo cookies. OREOS AND MILK, CHINESE STYLE 4 Discussion In 1996, Kraft Foods introduced Oreo cookies in China in the form of the original top-selling Oreo cookies of the U.S. However, even a lot of marketing effort has been done, the sales of the Oreo cookies in China remained flat. This statement is supported with my aforementioned discussion in the research. The study is limited to Kraft Food and its marketing strategy in selling Oreo cookies in China. Kraft’s respond to the macro-environment of China is through research of the different demography of Chinese consumers, their capacity to purchase, and their eating patterns. This led Kraft to reinvent the traditional Oreo cookies to Chinese style cookies; from cookie form to wafer and lesser sweet, the packaging and the content of the package (wherein the original content is 14 Oreos which costs 72 cents reduced to fewer pieces of Oreos and costs only 29 cents), and the Chinese style Oreo can withstand the extreme climate of both Northern and Southern region of China. In the micro-environment, Kraft responded in dealing with the management team, wherein all the members of the management team were replace by entrepreneurial team of local Chinese managers thus, creating positive output of introducing Oreo to Chinese consumers. Kraft also outsourced marketing teams, in the form of students to become ambassadors of Oreo wherein, the job of these local students is to campaign the Oreo to 300,000 consumers. These ambassadors also campaigned the Oreo through basketball wherein, introducing the Oreo being dunked in the milk. This type of strategy also helped Kraft to be responsive to global environment’s

Arms And The Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arms And The Man - Essay Example The second act takes place four months later after the war ends and Sergius and Major Petkoff return. Though Raina and Sergius declare eternal love, they are only acting and their real feelings are very different. Sergius soon begins flirting with the maid Louka, and Raina’s thoughts keep returning to her chocolate crà ¨me soldier. Bluntschli comes back to return a coat he has borrowed from the Petkoffs and now that the war is over he is welcomed by Sergius and Major Petkoff and even helps them in moving their armies since as a pragmatist, he is willing to fight for whichever side pays. Bluntschli makes fun of Raina's romantic pretentiousness; though he is secretly attracted to her. Things come to head when Louka in trying to get Sergius for her self-tells him about Raina and Bluntschli. Sergius gets jealous and challenges Bluntschli to a duel, he accuses Raina of secretly trysting with Bluntschli, but they both deny this. Bluntschli tries to help Sergius repair things with R aina, but it is too late as Sergius’s philandering with Louka also comes out also. During all this, a letter arrives informing Bluntschli that his father has died and that he must return to Switzerland immediately. Sergius finally rejects his romantic ideals and declares his intention to marry Louka. When Bluntschli discovers Raina is twenty-three and not a teenager as he had thought he quickly asks her parents for her hand in marriage. When they find out how wealthy he is, they agree, and after some token resistance, Raina submits 1.

Hispanics In Governme Gs-13 And Above Essay Example for Free

Hispanics In Governme Gs-13 And Above Essay The federal government is the largest employer in the nation and does not only have the responsibility of serving all segments of society, it also has the added responsibility of treating the Federal employees who come from the various segments of the society in a fair and unbiased manner. In order to oversee such a process is implemented fairly, without any bias, there are boards such as the U. S. Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) in place and are required by the federal government to make periodical assessment, in order to ascertain the employees of the federal government are treated equitably. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 stipulates that merit should be the cornerstone of evaluating every employee, where the federal government should recruit and promote employees according to their ability, knowledge, and skills they acquired. Another point that is highlighted here is discrimination of any kind and preferential treatment should not be part of the procedure of any of the federal agencies are using in hiring, training, advancing, and retaining employees who could originate from the various segments of society. There had been instances of discriminatory practices in the employment scene in this century that makes it permissible to claim that there had been a negative impact on the representation of minorities in the workforce in proportion to their number. Starting from the year 1978, the employment statistics reveals that there was advancement, as far as the employment status of minorities was concerned. Especially, at the higher grade levels, as well as at administrative positions the area this paper is studying, the promotional process treats everyone, more or less, the same. Yet, it is difficult to say that minorities including Hispanics have attained an equal status with their counterparts the non-minorities despite their equal education level, experience, and according to various merits that are measurable. What this means is the employment and the advancement process is not yet completely free of bias when considering what takes place among the various minority groups and the non-minority groups. The MSAP board had conducted a survey where it claimed to find out that many employees from the minority ethnic groups believe that they had been discriminated and this outlook might be true as the non-minorities who were surveyed had also admitted that there is still some discrimination based either on sex, race, or color used as a determining factor when it comes who to hire, train, advance, or retain, revealing that it is not yet a plain level field for everyone (Morrison, 1992). The statistics, however, shows that there had been some advancement attained in all segments, including the higher grade levels. This paper will present the statistical findings of the stands the Hispanics have in comparison with the other ethnic groups in the nation, especially at the higher GS-13 level and above in proportion to their participation in the overall federal workforce. Chapter I Introduction What is possible to observe in today’s workplace in the U. S. is diversity management is bringing in more Hispanics into the Intelligence Community, although the number of Hispanics in upper management, GS-13 and above might not be representative of the percentage of Hispanics in the workforce. That could be the case even if the civilian workforce in the U. S. could surpass two million. In light of that this research paper will try to find out what the reality is, as there are conflicting findings that are emulating to show why the number of Hispanics in GS-13 and above might not be representative of their number in the federal workforce. It had been a while back, at least several decades since the federal government had started to be fair and equitable in its hiring process, so that what takes place will be representative of the reality, where national origin, race, or sex will not be the cornerstone of the hiring practice. The fact that minorities have become a larger proportion of the workforce that makes up the federal government employees has attested this fact. There is documentation that reveals women used to encounter special barriers in their effort to attain advancement, in spite of their qualification, an area where the other minorities were also suffering from the same fate. Awards and important assignments were skipping them simply because they were member of any of the minority groups that includes African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans. The Hispanic population has to compete with these groups fairly and equitably so that their stand should be clearly established and to enable the evaluation of whether the Hispanics are getting what they deserver according to the proportion of their number in the federal workforce. One good source where to see what kind of discriminatory practices had been taking place is to look at ongoing protests and lawsuits claiming that some kind of disparate treatment had taken place. One such finding was a government survey made in 1992 where 34 percent of African Americans, 30 percent of Asians of the Pacific region, 19 percent of members of the Hispanic community, and 11 percent Native Americans had claimed that they had experienced discrimination at various degree, where they had either been denied jobs, promotions, or benefits that go with jobs because of their race. This could be true because of the fact that it is recently the government had declared that it had become an equal opportunity employer that demonstrates it was not a leader in that endeavor earlier. What brought about a statuary protection for minorities was due to the enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972. The Act had enabled the government to keep its own house in order, simply because it is the largest employer in the nation. President Nixon’s government had come up with the â€Å"Sixteen Point Program† designed to avail equal opportunity participation for the Hispanic population. Among the efforts introduced, there was intensified job recruitment in the Southwestern U. S. , at metropolitan cities where there is high Hispanic concentration, and colleges where there is a large Hispanic enrolment. There was also effort to reach out in communities where there is a concentration of Spanish speaking population and publicize the availability of federal employments. In addition, there were programs intended to enable Hispanic students to stay in school longer, as well as the establishing of special hiring authorities that will tend for the need of the Hispanic population. The focus had been the recruiting and the upward mobility of the Hispanic workforce once they are under the federal employment. In the year 2000 President Clinton had also come up with an executive order similar to the 16-point plan and this one was OPS’ 9-point plan whose goal was to eliminate barriers that prevent the recruitment of Hispanics into the workforce, as well as to promote them in the managerial and leadership programs. Another Act passed in 1978 was the Civil Reform Act whose claimed policy was to make certain that the federal workforce would reflect the nation’s diversity. What this would introduce in the nation’s workforce arena is the prevalence of a diverse civil service that could be made up of divergent outlooks, possibly accompanied by diverse skills and talents that will put it in a position to handle various problems that come into existence and originate from various groups better (Thomas, 1996). In addition, when there is a diverse workforce in place it is possible to share the social responsibilities equitably making the various policies the government comes up with widely acceptable. Similarly, when the government avails any kind of the various services, such as health care, education, housing etc. the perception would be every member of the society was part of the consideration applied in the process of the decision-making. In the absence of a representative workforce, it will be difficult to instill a positive social conduct on the overall society, in such a way that a particular segment of the society could feel that it is not included fairly in what is accruing and it is possible that the youth could be discouraged when it comes to investing in education or other requirements that will qualify them for federal jobs. If such a practice persists it is possible to introduce in the society a cycle of exclusion where the outcome could be more costly, where adhering to the rules and regulations could also suffer deterioration. The other key point that will bring what this paper is researching on into light is taking the mentioned measures alone where offering equal employment opportunity only is not enough. In order to make it effective there is a need to introduce similar equal opportunity in the training, retaining, and advancing employees who originate from the minority groups. In order to arrive at what is happening in the highest and more influential positions such as GS-13 and above, it is important to look at those who should be allowed to advance into such positions should have to pass through. Because as some of the statistics highlights, there has to be some level of service and experience in place before anyone attains those higher positions. It is also important to examine the hiring procedure in the nation since it is complicated. The age structure of those who are on supervisory and managerial position reveals that there are various factors that would have to come together in order for them to make it to such level, such as the individuals should have been at a particular line of work or other similar work arrangements for at least 20 years before achieving the higher position, as those who are attaining those positions are mostly above 45 years age, where most mangers are between 50 and 54. Hence, there should have been various preparation phases that require surpassing in order to make it to the higher levels. One other point to raise there are exceptions where in the administration and profession job classification it is possible to be hired at the higher level of GS-13 and above, but the requirement would be very stringent as those who are hired for such positions would become supervisors or managers from the outset.