Global Decision Making

Introduction The modern business environment is characterized by high competition, integration of markets, and changing economic trends. As a result, businesses have embarked on joining international markets to improve their sales and profits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies that have adopted global strategies are increasingly finding it difficult to manage organizational behavior due to the social, cultural, and economic differences in the markets that they serve. This paper sheds light on the importance of understanding the international dimensions of organizational behavior in the process of making global decisions. It will also discuss how managers can be more effective by understanding the international dimensions of organizational behavior. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior The main international dimensions or aspects of org anizational behavior include people, structure, technology, and environment. A clear understanding of these aspects of organizational behavior can help a global manager to make ethical decisions in the following ways. First, understanding people enables managers to make ethical human resource and stakeholder management decisions. People refer to the individuals or groups of individuals who establish an organization and work to achieve its objectives. Thus, it includes stakeholders such as employees and owners of an organization. Multinational companies hire employees from different cultural backgrounds. Culture determines the way employees communicate, solve problems, work, and interact with their colleagues. This means that employees will always interpret the decisions made by their managers according to their cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. A decision that affects employees or any other stakeholder of the organization is considered to be ethical if it respects the cultur e of the affected parties.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, a decision that is considered to be ethical in the US might be perceived to be unethical in Japan. For instance, staff promotions in the US are mainly based on performance. By contrast, seniority is a key determinant of staff promotion decisions in Japan. Thus, directing an old Japanese employee to report to his younger colleague is likely to be considered as an unethical decision. By contrast, this decision will be considered to be ethical in the US. In a nutshell, managers must understand and appreciate the norms, beliefs, attitudes, and traditions of the employees and stakeholders that they deal with in each market or country in order to make ethical decisions. Second, global managers need to understand the organizational structures that are used in various overseas markets in order to make ethical managemen t decisions. Structure provides a formal framework that delineates the relationships among members of the organization. It also determines the flow of work and communication among employees. Organizational structures vary from region to region. Most western companies such as IBM and Barclays Bank have dynamic organizational structures that facilitate seamless interactions among employees. Thus, most western companies have few management levels and encourage direct communication between managers and employees. By contrast, Chinese companies use a hierarchical organizational structure in which the company is directed by the top management. The managers, on the other hand, lead the employees. A clear understanding of the influence of organizational structure on the relationships among employees enables manages to make ethical decisions concerning accountability, communication, and staff involvement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Decision Making specifica lly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In western countries where companies use flat organizational structures, managers are considered to be ethical if they consult employees before making important decisions. Managers must recognize that employees have a right to express their views and to hold different opinions. In countries where companies use hierarchical structures, ethical management decisions ensure that each functional unit is accountable for its performance to promote fairness and high performance. Third, managers who have a clear understanding of the level of application of technology in various parts of the world are likely to make ethical decisions concerning their operations. Technology is an important element of organizational behavior since it determines the level of cost-efficiency, product quality, and production capacity. Technology has positive and negative implications for the environment and employees. Thus, people have differ ent perceptions and attitudes towards technology in various parts of the world. For instance, in African countries where unemployment rate is very high, workers and trade unions resist technologies that replace human labor. However, companies must still adopt technologies that promote automation in order to reduce costs and to increase their productivity. Thus, a manager who understands the impact of technology on the society will be able to make decisions that promote the use of production techniques that minimize harm to various stakeholders and maximize benefits to the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This perspective is based on the fact that an ethical decision must promote responsibility and fairness. Understanding the effects of technology enables managers to make ethical decisions that encourage the spirit of altruism. Finally, global managers must understand the business environment in which they operate in order to make ethical decisions. The external environment of an organization consists of six major factors. These include political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Undoubtedly, these variables vary from country to country. The effects of the external environmental factors on businesses can only be addressed in an ethical manner if they are clearly understood. Managers who understand political factors such as industry regulations will be able to make ethical decisions by complying with all reporting and operational requirements. Similarly, global managers will be able to make ethical decisions concerning their production and marketing s trategies if they understand social factors such as citizens’ attitudes and beliefs in various countries. For instance, an advert that has a picture of a woman is highly accepted in the US and most European countries. However, using a picture of a woman in an advert in Saudi Arabia is considered to be unethical since it contravenes Islamic teachings and the country’s traditions. In a nutshell, a clear understanding of the business environment enables global managers to make ethical decisions by avoiding to break rules or to engage in activities that undermine established social norms in various countries. Effective Global Managers An understanding of the international dimensions of organizational behavior can help someone to become a better global manager in the following ways. First, it enables global managers to motivate a multicultural workforce. Motivation is achieved by understanding and fulfilling the needs of employees. Needs are deficiencies that influence empl oyees to behave in a particular manner to achieve a predetermined outcome. Understanding the organizational and the national culture in a given country, as well as, the external business environment enables global managers to identify employees’ needs. For example, intrinsic rewards such as staff promotions and recognition are highly regarded in masculine cultures. However, employees from low income countries are likely to be more interested in extrinsic rewards such as bonus pay to improve their purchasing power. Thus, a global manager will be able to influence employees to behave in a particular way if he is able to understand their needs and to provide appropriate rewards to fulfill them. Second, understanding the international dimensions of organizational behavior improves global managers’ leadership abilities. The contingency theory of leadership postulates that a good leader links his behavior to the situation at hand. Specifically, the leadership style that a go od leader adopts depends on the situation that he is dealing with in terms of business objectives, as well as, employees’ values and skills. For instance, a country where employees value freedom of expression and autonomy, a global manager can be a good leader if he is democratic. Similarly, a production-oriented leadership style will be appropriate in an organization where employees are high motivated. Thus, a global manager will be effective if he can understand the situation associated with the various elements of organizational behavior and to utilize the appropriate leadership style. Third, global managers can enhance their communication skills by understanding organizational behavior. Different cultures often use different communication styles. Most western cultures use direct communication styles where people say exactly what they mean. By contrast, most Asian cultures use indirect communication styles. This means that a global manager who is in charge of a diverse wor kforce can create confusion and misunderstandings if he uses the wrong communication style. Global managers can overcome this challenge by taking time to study and understand the interactions among employees, the communication styles used in their organizations, and the role of technology in communication. Fourth, understanding the international dimensions of organizational behavior improves global managers’ ability to manage power and conflict in their organizations. Power refers to â€Å"the ability to influence the behavior of others†. The organizational structure is the main source of legitimate power in most companies. The structure defines the power that is associated with various positions in the company. There are also several forms of power that do not emanate from the organizational structure. Nonetheless, they have immense effects on organizational performance. These forms of power include expert power, coercive power, and referent power. Misuse of power oft en results into interpersonal and intergroup conflicts. Conflicts often arise when the organizational structure fails to define the officers who have the right to make decisions in every situation. For instance, engineers who have expert power often disagree with CEOs who approve projects without their consent. Global managers can prevent conflicts if they understand the sources of power straggles within their organizations. This enables them to distribute power fairly, thereby avoiding conflicts. Conclusion Given the dynamics of the modern business environment, global managers have to understand the international dimensions of organizational behavior in order to make ethical decisions. Specifically, understanding organizational behavior enables global managers to make ethical decisions concerning personnel management, stakeholder management, and application of technology. Moreover, it enables global managers to respond to external factors such as industry regulations in an ethical manner. Global managers can be more effective in leadership, communication, and conflict management if they understand the international dimensions of organizational behavior. Works Cited Bredeson, Dean. Applied Business Ethics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. Print. Hellriegel, Don and John Slocum. Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. Luthans, Fred. Organizational Behavior. London: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. This essay on Global Decision Making was written and submitted by user Cain Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay With Logical Fallacies

Sample Essay With Logical FallaciesThere are many ways to write a sample essay for college admissions. One of the most effective and beneficial ways is to use real essay topics as examples to guide the writing. This article will introduce a few basic fallacies and methods to be used in writing a sample essay.There are many guidelines to be followed when writing a sample essay. One way to do this is to simply avoid using wrong statements and start from where your logic ends. Instead of claiming that you are getting into a job because you love to work for it, instead list a job that you consider an attractive proposition. The best way to figure out if you will love or hate a position is to ask yourself how much satisfaction you would get from it. Remember, you want the essay to stand out as being something unique and different so you need to be very careful to follow this process.Another reason to avoid using bad sources is that the guidelines for writing a sample essay call for you to make use of research. Research not only makes you successful but it also gives you an edge over your competition. Therefore, any essay that is not based on research is not worth your time and effort. If your essay is not based on research you will be rejected very soon.One of the most important criteria in college admissions is the ability to learn and adapt. Because these are vital for success, the most effective and useful way to do this is to seek out friends and family members who have excelled in something that you want to do. Just make sure that this is a job that they did exceptionally well at. You can find individuals through referrals from job boards and other sources and help you by providing examples to show that they have been successful in their careers.When writing a sample essay for college admissions the format is very important. There are a number of formats you can choose from and it is your job to make sure that the format is beneficial to you. For example, there are essay formats that are generally considered to be too formal while there are formats that are much more informal. It is your responsibility to choose the format that will work best for you.The essay should always be written in a fashion that is easy to read. Also, it should be prepared at a time that does not affect your studying so that you will not have to rewrite it after a few days. If you get the date of submission wrong then you can suffer from plagiarism. Make sure that you have set up a time when the essay is due and correct it before it is due.The above are just a few tips to write a sample essay that is used to meet admissions requirements. If you follow these tips you can be sure that you will be rewarded with success.

Cars of today compared to cars of the 1970s essays

Cars of today compared to cars of the 1970's essays CARS OF TODAY COMPARED TO THOSE OF THE 1970S New cars are completely different than the cars that came off the production line during the 1970s. First , 1970s model cars were very large in size and newer model cars are relatively small. Second , those big old cars had to have bigger and stronger motors to make them efficient while driving and newer cars concentrate on smaller motors for better gas mileage. Last , while 1970s cars had very few extras (such as power steering , anti-lock brakes , power windows and locks) but they were more The enormous cars of thirty years ago were large inside and out and were built for large families. The cars were built to have a lot of interior space and were built large on outside for a comfortable and controllable driving experience. Meanwhile todays cars are on average 75 cubic inches smaller on the interior and considerably smaller on the outside. The new cars are just as comfortable and controllable as the 1970s due to better technology and design. They also are built out of strong but light weight materials Since the new cars are smaller and lighter than the older ones they dont need as much power from their motors. Newer cars generally have smaller less powerful engines such as a V-6 or 4-cylinders . Since the 1970 model cars were big and heavy they had to Page Two have bigger engines . The big old tanks of the 1970s usually had the larger motors like a V-8. They were very powerful but very costly for operation because of the poor fuel efficiency. Because of poor technology in the 1970s , the manufactories had to over ...

African American history and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African American history and culture - Essay Example A critical question that other people could ask is the existence of religion of Africa American society. A great number of African American people are Protestant Christian. In addition, the African American society was Muslim. About 14 % of the African American were of this religion, Muslim. Apart from Christianity and Muslim, the other religions include Judaism and Buddhism among many other religions. Knowing that the religion of the African American would be of great importance when it comes to illustrating the life that the African American people as slaves.There are also life events that can be used to examine the history and culture of African American society. They observed their life events in accordance with their culture. This is one of the groups that had its unique traditions that make it easier for people to identify them with. Also, they came with the rite of passages that are associated with African traditions. There was a class for preteens and teenagers, which was des igned specifically for preparing them for adulthood. Some of the developed rites of passage are still important this day since they are meant for shaping the character of the individual, hence making the African American culture be of great value.Despite the fact that there are many questions that one would ask about the African American history and culture, there are several positive things that have come as a result of it. Moreover, the life of African American people has been transformed.

Media and Semiotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media and Semiotics - Essay Example The product ‘DNAge’ actually represents how easily the intended audience would connect with the advertisement and allow them to try this product once at least. The signs, symbols and other facets – all of which comprise the semiotics of the advertisement remain very pertinent when one tries to comprehend how the advertisement will talk to the correct people – the ageing women and how it is asking them to try the product at least once. The semiotics of this advertisement therefore depict the manner under which women will feel inclined to try it on their own selves once and if they find that the product works in their favor, then they will keep on trying the product again and again. This paper finds a semiotic link with the advertisement that connects with its intended audience. The different metaphors that are being employed and the way in which communication is being done have been highlighted during the length of this paper. First of all, this advertisemen t needs an analysis and this can only be done when there is an understanding that DNAge is being targeted as a product which will take care of the ageing phenomenon within the women. The claim is such that it starts working when skin begins to age and the concentration lies in the DNA of the human being. Now this is something essential to comprehend because the DNA of the person is particular and cannot be replicated in some other being. The advertisement shows a female who must be in her high 40s. She depicts a very presentable personality and thus her facial expressions represent success in life that she has achieved over a period of time. She is apparently happy that she has been able to turn back time in her favor. The copy within the advertisement is also very crisp and represents the message which DNAge is willing to give to the intended target audiences. The copy has a definitive platform upon which the entire wordings have been devised, thus giving a very direct and appealin g message to the audience. The ones who go through this advertisement will find that the copy is very feministic in its approach since it discusses the feminine side of the ageing phenomenon. The copy therefore is a perfect fit for such a kind of an advertisement as it showcases the true spirit of an anti-ageing advertisement (Amujo, 2010). The readers of this copy will find that they are glued to the wordings that have been used and the sub-caption which says â€Å"works where skin ageing starts: at the DNA†. The usage of claims like ‘86% firmer skin’ and ‘82% less wrinkles’ is actually seen as a plus point for the copy that is being sent across this advertisement. It gives a sort of scientific approach to this advertisement which is all the more significant. The renewal of cells that are taking place within a human body is similarly a claim that DNAge is making and which is easily comprehensible by the women who would use it once they are able to b uy it off the rack (Greenland, 2003). The word ‘New’ on the top of the advertisement and just beneath the caption suggests that DNAge is a product that has either changed itself completely or has come up with a new formula to defeat anti-ageing. The semiotic analysis therefore depends a great deal not only on the visual but also the copy that comes along with it in the advertisement. An argument that can be made here regarding this advertisement

Ipremier Case Essay Example for Free

Ipremier Case Essay When an event like this occurs in an organization, the first question asked post mortum is how can we prevent his from happening again. From iPremier’s perspective there are a few steps that can be taken. First, an overall evaluation of their security infrastructure and the individuals that support the structure. iPremier used a third party vendor to handle IT systems and support. This may be an area of weakness and the service that is provided by Qdata should be looked at closely. Although it may be cost effective to use a thirdy party vendor for this service, it is important to constantly evaluate their service and infrastructure compliance. Second, although Qdata manages iPremier’s IT systems it is important for iPremiere to have standard operating procudures and compliance standards. Preparing such documentation after an outage is the perfect time because a lot of what went wrong is still in their head and helps provide some ground level requirements. Once iPremier establishes their processes and procedures they should periodically â€Å"test† the process in a live drill. At my company we run several maintenance processes every month as well as disaster recovery testing once a year with some in between quarterly testing. It’s important to put the process, procedure and plan together, but equally important to test it in order to identify gaps. This process also needs to be written and locatable in the event it is needed for reference. Establishing a location for the process both in paper form an electronically is key. Lastly, communication from leadership to staff and to the clients that iPremier supports must be immediate. It is extremely important that staff be communicated to in a timely matter when information may have been compromised. There is also legal obligation on iPremiers part to notify clients that there information may have been compromised. iPremier maybe on some level required to compensate or identify ways for clients to mitigate the risk of their information being compromised. Overall, at the time of a service interruption post mortum evaluation will always find ways in which the interruption could have been prevented. Unfortunatley, organizations learn from disaster and it is the primary way in which we learn our weaknesses. Going forward if iPremier establishes the needed processes and procedures and takes the time to test their plan, they will prevent this specific issue from happening again, but are always other issues that will come up. Then it is time to re-evaluate your plan, processes, and procedures.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as the Fools of Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Cour

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as the Fools of Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, Prince Hamlet replaces the letter that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are carrying to England with a forgery of his own making, thus sending these two men to their deaths. He does this without giving it a second thought and never suffers from any guilt or remorse for his actions. Considering that these two men were friends from his youth, this would at first glance seem to reflect poorly on his character. However, one must consider carefully the characters of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern before passing judgment on Hamlet.    Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are sent for by the King and Queen to spy on Hamlet and learn why he "puts on this confusion" (III, i.2). While some are fooled by Hamlet's act of insanity, the king is not. He is convinced that it is an act and, being a sly man himself, he suspects that Hamlet is up to something. Having obtained the throne through deceit and murder, he believes Hamlet capable of the same. While King Claudius is evil, he is not a fool and he would never have sent for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern if they were such close friends of Hamlet. They are even told outright that they will be rewarded for their efforts (II, ii. 21-6).    The very fact that they undertake this task for the king is proof enough of their lack of love and loyalty toward Hamlet. Despite their actions, Prince Hamlet gives them ample opportunity to show their loyalty by admitting that they were sent for and why. By showing so much reluctance, they show themselves to be allied with the king. Hamlet asks them to "be even and direct with me, whether you were sent for or no." But after this direct question, Rosencrantz s... ...let's warning. Either way, they are indeed fools and they die a fool's death in the end. They carry in the form of a letter, the king's command to have Hamlet beheaded upon his arrival in England. Hamlet switches the letter with a forgery and seals it with a likeness of the king's seal. The new letter orders the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, thus they handcarry their own death sentences to their executioners. A poetic justice is served to these unfaithful "friends."    Works Cited Frye, Northrop. 1991. Northrop Frye on Shakespeare   London: MacMillan. Girard, A Theater of Envy: William Shakespeare New York: Oxford University Press, 1991 Shakespeare, William. The Tradegy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark.   New York: Washington Square Press, 1992 Watts, Cedric. Hamlet Twayne New Critical Introduction to Shakespeare; Boston: Twayne, 1988.